Academy for LoRaWAN®

The Network Reference Model (NRM) is used to identify the interfaces between elements used in a LoRaWAN network as shown in the diagram below.

The Network Reference Model (NRM) is used to identify the interfaces between elements used in a LoRaWAN network as shown in the diagram above.

Each interface between the elements has a unique reference and describes how messages flow between them:

• ED-NS : End Device – Network Server
• AS-hNS : Application Server – home Network Server
• JS-AS : Join Server - Application Server
• hNS-JS : home Network Server – Join Server

This is the network reference model for a device that isn’t roaming; that is, a device that always stays within range of its own network server and never moves to an area covered by a different network server

If the device does roam away from its own network server, there is a more complex network reference model, which describes the handoff of data between network servers